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stiff
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音标：英 [stɪf] 美 [stɪf]
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解释：
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adj. 呆板的；坚硬的；严厉的；拘谨的
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adv. 僵硬地；彻底地
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n. 死尸；令人讨厌者；流通票据；劳动者
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vt. 诈骗；失信
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助记提示：
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1. perhaps cognate with or related with steep, stub, stip- / stipul- "stalk, straw".
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2. PIE *stipos-, from root *steip- "press together, pack, cram" => stone, stipe, constipation, stevedore.
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3. => Latin stipare "pack down, press," stipes "post, tree trunk".
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4. stiffen => stiff.
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5. akin to stifle, steeve.
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6. 林正英的电影：《僵尸先生》：《Mr. Stiff Corpse》。
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7. 谐音“是呆夫、死敌缚”。
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8. 谐音“史蒂夫”-------史蒂夫·乔布斯性格强势、作风硬派，非常的坚强、强硬、顽固。并且现在他已经成为了一具死尸。
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中文词源：
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stiff 硬的，僵硬的，生硬的，艰难的来自古英语 stif,硬的，僵硬的，来自 Proto-Germanic*stifaz,僵硬的，无弹性的，来自 PIE*steip, 压紧，打包，塞满，可能来自 PIE*steu,推，挤，击打，词源同 steep,stoop,stuff.
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英文词源：
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stiff
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stiff: [OE] Stiff goes back to prehistoric Germanic *stīfaz ‘inflexible’, source also of German steif, Dutch stiff, Swedish styf, and Danish stiv. This in turn was descended from an Indo-European *stīpos, a derivative of the same base as produced Latin stīpāre ‘press, pack’ (source of English constipate and stevedore), Latvian stipt ‘stiffen’, and Lithuanian stiprùs ‘strong’.
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=> constipation, stevedore
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stiff (adj.)
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Old English stif "rigid, inflexible," from Proto-Germanic *stifaz "inflexible" (cognates: Dutch stijf, Old High German stif, German steif "stiff;" Old Norse stifla "choke"), from PIE *stipos-, from root *steip- "press together, pack, cram" (cognates: Sanskrit styayate "coagulates," stima "slow;" Greek stia, stion "small stone," steibo "press together;" Latin stipare "pack down, press," stipes "post, tree trunk;" Lithuanian stipti "stiffen," stiprus "strong;" Old Church Slavonic stena "wall"). Of battles and competitions, from mid-13c.; of liquor, from 1813. To keep a stiff upper lip is attested from 1815. Related: Stiffly.
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stiff (v.)
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late 14c., "to make stiff," from stiff (adj.). Meaning "fail to tip" is from 1939, originally among restaurant and hotel workers, probably from stiff (n.), perhaps in slang sense of "corpse" (because dead men pay no tips), or from the "contemptible person" sense. Extended by 1950 to "cheat."
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stiff (n.)
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"corpse, dead body," 1859, slang, from stiff (adj.) which had been associated with notion of rigor mortis since c. 1200. Meaning "working man" first recorded 1930, from earlier genitive sense of "contemptible person," but sometimes merely "man, fellow" (1882). Slang meaning "something or someone bound to lose" is 1890 (originally of racehorses), from notion of "corpse."
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双语例句：
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1. A stiff knee following surgery forced her to walk with a limp.
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手术后她的膝盖活动不便，走路时被迫跛行。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. I was scared stiff when I realized what I'ddone.
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当我意识到自己的所作所为时，我吓坏了。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. Whisk the egg whites until they are foamy but not stiff.
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把蛋清搅至起沫而不黏稠的程度。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. The outer walls looked likely to tumble down in a stiff wind.
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外墙看起来一刮强风就会倒塌。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. The pedals seem a bit off-centre and the clutch is rather stiff.
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踏板似乎有点偏心，离合器也相当紧。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
46、
stiff cardboard
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硬纸板【牛津词典】
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a stiff brush
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硬刷子【牛津词典】
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The windows were stiff and she couldn't get them open.
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窗户紧，她开不了。【牛津词典】
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I'm really stiff after that bike ride yesterday.
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昨天骑了那趟自行车，我觉得浑身酸痛。【牛津词典】
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I've got a stiff neck .
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我脖子发僵。【牛津词典】
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Whisk the egg whites until stiff.
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把蛋清打成稠的。【牛津词典】
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It was a stiff climb to the top of the hill.
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费了好大劲才爬到山顶。【牛津词典】
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The company faces stiff competition from its rivals.
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公司遇到对手的激烈竞争。【牛津词典】
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The new proposals have met with stiff opposition .
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新提案遭到强烈的反对。【牛津词典】
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There are stiff fines for breaking the rules.
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违反规则要受重罚。【牛津词典】
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a stiff breeze/wind (= one that blows strongly)
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强风【牛津词典】
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The speech he made to welcome them was stiff and formal.
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他那番欢迎他们的话讲得生硬刻板。【牛津词典】
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There's a stiff $15 entrance fee to the exhibition.
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展览会的入场费高达15元。【牛津词典】
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a stiff whisky
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烈性威士忌【牛津词典】
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[不可数名词]pain and stiffness in her legs
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她两腿又疼又僵的感觉【牛津词典】
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be bored/scared/worried stiff
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非常厌烦 / 害怕 / 担心【牛津词典】
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The clothes on the washing line were frozen stiff.
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挂在晾衣绳上的衣服冻硬了。【牛津词典】
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The furniture was stiff, uncomfortable, too delicate, and too neat...
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家具又硬又不舒服，太不结实而且太小巧。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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His waterproof trousers were brand new and stiff...
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他那条防水裤崭新笔挺。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Train doors have handles on the inside. They are stiff so that they cannot be opened accidentally.
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火车车门内侧有把手。把手都很紧，防止意外开启。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The Mud Bath is particularly recommended for relieving tension and stiff muscles...
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特别推荐想要放松情绪、缓解肌肉酸痛的人泡泥浆浴。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I'm stiff all over right now — I hope I can recover for tomorrow's race.
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我现在全身酸痛——希望明天比赛时能恢复过来。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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She looked at him with a stiff smile...
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她看着他，脸上挤出生硬的一笑。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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They always seemed a little awkward with each other, a bit stiff and formal.
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他们在一起似乎总是觉得有点别扭，有点拘谨，不太随意。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The film faces stiff competition for the Best Film nomination...
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这部电影在角逐最佳影片提名时面临着激烈的竞争。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Under Greece's stiff anti-drugs laws they could face twenty years in jail.
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根据希腊严厉的反毒品法律，他们将面临 20 年监禁。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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...a stiff whisky.
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一杯烈性的威士忌【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Next morning dawned clear and sunny, with a stiff breeze rustling the trees.
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次日一大早,天空晴朗无云，大风吹得树木沙沙作响。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Anna tried to look interested. Actually, she was bored stiff...
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安娜努力装出感兴趣的样子。实际上，她腻烦透了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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I was scared stiff when I realized what I'd done.
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当我意识到自己的所作所为时，我吓坏了。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yam Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.【2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B】
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For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages.【2017年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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