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coal
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音标：英 [kəʊl] 美 [kol]
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解释：
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vi. 上煤；加煤
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vt. 给…加煤；把…烧成炭
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n. 煤；煤块；木炭
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助记提示：
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coal “烤”→煤
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中文词源：
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coal 煤来自PIE*ghel,燃烧，词源同glow.
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英文词源：
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coal
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coal: [OE] In Old English, col meant ‘glowing ember’. It came from a prehistoric Germanic *kolam (source also of German kohle and Dutch kool), which may be related to Irish Gaelic gual ‘coal’. By the 12th century at the latest it was also being used for ‘charcoal’ (the word charcoal is based on it), but it was not until the mid 13th century that the modern application to the black solid fossil fuel appears.
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It seems quite likely that the word’s underlying etymological meaning is ‘glow’. Derived from coal are collier [14], which originally meant ‘charcoal-burner’, colliery [17], and possibly collie [17], on the basis of its dark colour.
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=> charcoal, collier
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coal (n.)
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Old English col "charcoal, live coal," from Proto-Germanic *kula(n) (cognates: Old Frisian kole, Middle Dutch cole, Dutch kool, Old High German chol, German Kohle, Old Norse kol), from PIE root *g(e)u-lo- "live coal" (cognates: Irish gual "coal").
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Meaning "mineral consisting of fossilized carbon" is from mid-13c. First mentioned (370 B.C.E.) by Theophrastus in his treatise "On Stones" under the name lithos anthrakos (see anthrax). Traditionally good luck, coal was given as a New Year's gift in England, said to guarantee a warm hearth for the coming year. The phrase drag (or rake) over the coals was a reference to the treatment meted out to heretics by Christians. To carry coals "do dirty work," also "submit to insult" is from 1520s. To carry coals to Newcastle (c. 1600) Anglicizes Greek glauk eis Athenas "owls to Athens."
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双语例句：
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1. The fossil fuels (coal and oil) are finite resources.
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化石燃料（如煤和石油）属于有限资源。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. The power stations burn coal from the Ruhr region.
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发电站烧的煤产自鲁尔地区。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. Acid rain is not straightforwardly attributable to the burning of coal.
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酸雨并非简单地由烧煤造成。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. The cost of electricity from coal-fired stations is expected to fall.
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用煤作燃料的火力发电站的成本有望降低。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. The company, New England Electric, burns coal to generate power.
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新英格兰电力公司用煤发电。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
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I put more coal on the fire.
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我往火里再加了些煤。【牛津词典】
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a lump of coal
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一块煤【牛津词典】
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a coal fire
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煤火【牛津词典】
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a coal mine
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煤矿【牛津词典】
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the coal industry
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煤炭工业【牛津词典】
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A hot coal fell out of the fire and burnt the carpet.
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一块燃烧着的煤块从火炉里掉出来把地毯烧了。【牛津词典】
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I heard later that Uncle Jim had been hauled over the coals for not letting anyone know where we were...
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后来，我听说吉姆叔叔因为不告诉别人我们在哪儿而受到了严厉斥责。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The museum's P.R. man was going to be dragged over the coals for sure.
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博物馆的公关人员肯定会受到斥责。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Taking a gun to the United States would be like taking coals to Newcastle.
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带把枪去美国简直是多此一举。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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It is important to get the coals white-hot before you start cooking.
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很重要的一点是要把煤块烧到白热状再开始做饭。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Gas-fired electricity is cheaper than coal...
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天然气发电比煤便宜。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Today, oil and natural gas have replaced coal and wood in most areas.
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如今在大部分地区，燃油和天然气已经取代了煤炭和木头。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The iron teakettle was hissing splendidly over live coals...
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煤火烧得正旺，上面的铁茶壶嘶嘶地响个不停。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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They loaded the ship with coal.
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他们将煤装上船.【《简明英汉词典》】
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The bulk and weight of coal required in the majority of manufacturing industries is large in comparison with the bulk and weight of other raw matericals.
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在大多数制造工业中,所需要的煤的体积和重量,与其他原材料的体积和重量相比都显得很大.【《用法词典》】
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We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood.
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煤烧完了, 只好烧木头.【《现代汉英综合大词典》】
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Nylon is made from air, coal and water.
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尼龙是由空气 、 煤和水加工制成.【《现代汉英综合大词典》】
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Put some more coal on the fire.
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再往火里加点煤.【《简明英汉词典》】
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It would be preposterous to shovel coal with a teaspoon.
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用茶匙铲煤是荒谬的.【《现代英汉综合大词典》】
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We used 10 tons of coal last winter.
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去年冬天我们用了10吨煤.【《简明英汉词典》】
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Coal gave the region industrial supremacy.
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煤炭给这个地区带来了工业上的优势.【《简明英汉词典》】
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It's difficult to ascertain the coal deposits.
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煤储量很难探明.【《现代汉英综合大词典》】
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At one time they used to mine coal in these valleys.
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从前他们在这些峡谷中采煤.【《简明英汉词典》】
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It is necessary to decrease the amount of coal used.
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必须减缩用煤量.【《现代英汉综合大词典》】
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Coal of all kinds originated from the decay of plants.
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各种煤都是由植物的朽烂形成的.【《现代英汉综合大词典》】
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It's commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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Decades of working over coal fires in tight, closed spaces with little fresh airto ensure his dishes would not get col had fatally damaged his lungs.【2018年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B】
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There are still some public lands that contain oil, coal and other natural resources.【2016年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section C】
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This is similar to what's happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this county.【2018年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C】
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Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes for those fuels.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and decreasing demand.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Renewables account for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Natural gas and coal—also fossil fuels—have similarly seen price declines that look to be long-lived.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Coal prices also are low, owing to over-supply and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which burns half of the world's coal.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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Coal and natural gas are mainly used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked.【出自-2017年6月阅读原文】
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The treaty banning mining here, shielding 116 coveted ( ' , 令人垂涎的) reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048.【出自-2016年12月阅读原文】
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Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years! The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York's Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years.【出自-2015年12月阅读原文】
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That’s energy in all forms--oil, gas, coal, nuclear, solar and even wind power.【出自-2015年12月听力原文】
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Dakota Gasification of North Dakota captures CO2 at a plant that converts coal into synthetic natural gas.【出自-2012年6月阅读原文】
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Some propose storing the CO2 in coal mines or liquid storage in the ocean, Shell favors storing CO2 in deep geological structures such as saline(盐的) formations and exhausted oil and gas fields that exist throughout the world【出自-2012年6月阅读原文】
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Lending is the coal to our engine, so we want to make more loans.【2016年6月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C】
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The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048.【2016年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B】
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When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline -powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch from an incandescent to a fluorescent light【2015年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B】
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President Trump has underlined fossil fuels – especially coal – as the path to economic growth.【2018年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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While fossil fuels – coal, oil, gas – still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.【2018年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ】
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