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spoil
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音标：英 [spɒɪl] 美 [spɔɪl]
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解释：
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vt. 溺爱；糟蹋；破坏；掠夺
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vi. 掠夺；变坏；腐败
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n. 次品；奖品
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助记提示：
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1. 专家开采出来的石油被你给糟蹋了。
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2. spoil............撕破呦（撕破了）.............损害；破坏
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中文词源：
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spoil 脏物，战利品，破坏，糟蹋，变质，腐败，溺爱，娇惯来自拉丁语 spoliare,抢劫，打劫，剥落，剥除衣服，来自 spolium,战利品，原义为剥皮，来 自 PIE*spel,分开，劈开，词源同 spill,split.引申词义破坏，糟蹋等，后用于指家长对小孩的 溺爱，娇惯，纵容，即糟蹋小孩。
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英文词源：
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spoil
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spoil: [13] Latin spolium originally denoted ‘skin stripped from a killed animal’ (it went back ultimately to the Indo-European base *spel- ‘split, burst’, which also produced German spalten ‘split’, and probably English spill and split). It broadened out metaphorically via ‘weapons stripped from a fallen enemy’ to ‘booty’ in general, which lies behind English spoils.
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The word itself was borrowed from Old French espoille, a derivative of the verb espoillier, which in turn went back to Latin spoliāre ‘despoil’ (source of English spoliation [14]), a derivative of spolium. The verb spoil came either from Old French espoillier, or is short for despoil [13], which went back via Old French despoillier to Latin dēspoliāre.
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It used to mean ‘strip of possessions’, as despoil still does, but in the 16th century it moved across to take over the semantic territory of the similarsounding spill (which once meant ‘destroy, ruin’).
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=> despoil, spoliation
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spoil (v.)
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c. 1300, "to strip (someone) of clothes, strip a slain enemy," from Old French espillier "to strip, plunder, pillage," from Latin spoliare "to strip, uncover, lay bare; strip of clothing, rob, plunder, pillage," from spolia, plural of spolium "arms taken from an enemy, booty;" originally "skin stripped from a killed animal," from PIE *spol-yo-, perhaps from root *spel- "to split, to break off" (see spill (v.)).
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From late 14c. in English as "strip with violence, rob, pillage, plunder, dispossess; impoverish with excessive taxation." Used c. 1400 as the verb to describe Christ's harrowing of Hell. Sense of "destroy, ruin, damage so as to render useless" is from 1560s; that of "to over-indulge" (a child, etc.) is from 1640s (implied in spoiled). Intransitive sense of "become tainted, go bad, lose freshness" is from 1690s. To be spoiling for (a fight, etc.) is from 1865, from notion that one will "spoil" if he doesn't get it.
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spoil (n.)
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"booty, goods captured in time of war," mid-14c., spoils (collective singular), from spoil (v.) or else from Old French espoille "booty, spoil," from the verb in French, and in part from Latin spolium. Also from the Latin noun are Spanish espolio, Italian spoglio.
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Transferred sense of "that which has been acquired by special effort" is from 1750. Spoils has stood cynically for "public offices, etc." aince at least 1770. Spoils system in U.S. politics attested by 1839, commonly associated with the administration of President Andrew Jackson, on the notion of "to the victor belongs the spoils."
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双语例句：
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1. We all know that fats spoil by becoming rancid.
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我们都知道油脂变质后会发臭。
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来自柯林斯例句
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2. They could not afford to spoil those maps by careless colouring.
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若是上色的时候不小心弄坏了那些地图，他们可承担不起。
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来自柯林斯例句
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3. Her untimely return could spoil Miss Melville's entire programme for the evening.
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她提前回来可能会破坏掉梅尔维尔小姐今晚的整个计划。
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来自柯林斯例句
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4. It's important not to let mistakes spoil your life.
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重要的是不要让错误毁了你的生活。
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来自柯林斯例句
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5. I had an uneasy feeling that he was going to spoil it.
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我有种不安的感觉，觉得他会把事情搞糟。
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来自柯林斯例句
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更多相关例句：
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Our camping trip was spoilt by bad weather.
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天气不好，破坏了我们的露营旅行。【牛津词典】
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Don't let him spoil your evening.
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别让他搞得你一晚上不开心。【牛津词典】
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The tall buildings have spoiled the view.
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那些高楼大厦破坏了这一带的景致。【牛津词典】
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Don't eat too many nuts─you'll spoil your appetite (= will no longer be hungry at the proper time to eat) .
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别吃太多坚果，会影响你的食欲。【牛津词典】
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(British English)spoiled ballot papers (= not valid because not correctly marked)
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废选票【牛津词典】
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She spoils those kids of hers.
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她那几个孩子给她宠坏了。【牛津词典】
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Why not spoil yourself with a weekend in a top hotel?
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为什么不到顶级饭店度个周末，让自己享受享受呢？【牛津词典】
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He really spoiled me on my birthday.
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我过生日那天他真让我受宠若惊。【牛津词典】
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the spoils of high office
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身居高位的连带利益【牛津词典】
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It's important not to let mistakes spoil your life...
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重要的是不要让错误毁了你的生活。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Peaceful summer evenings can be spoilt by mosquitoes.
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宁静的夏夜可能会被蚊子破坏掉。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Grandparents are often tempted to spoil their grandchildren whenever they come to visit.
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祖父母每次来访都往往禁不住要娇惯孙辈。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Spoil yourself with a new perfume this summer...
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今年夏天买瓶新香水慰劳一下自己吧。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Perhaps I could employ someone to iron his shirts, but I wanted to spoil him. He was my man.
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也许我可以雇别人来熨他的衬衫，但我想好好宠他。他是我爱的男人。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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We all know that fats spoil by becoming rancid...
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我们都知道油脂变质后会发臭。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Some organisms are responsible for spoiling food and cause food poisoning...
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有些生物会导致食物变质并引起食物中毒。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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They had broadcast calls for voters to spoil their ballot papers...
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他们通过广播呼吁选民们投无效选票。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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The results showed that 7.2% of the voters cast blank or spoiled ballots.
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结果显示，7.2 %的选民投了空白或无效票。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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True to military tradition, the victors are now treating themselves to the spoils of war...
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按照军事惯例，胜者正在分享战利品。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Competing warlords and foreign powers scrambled for political spoils.
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相互争斗的军阀及外国列强们正在争夺政治上的收益。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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At lunchtime, MPs are spoilt for choice in 26 restaurants and bars.
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到了午餐时间，议员们有 26 家之多的餐厅和酒吧可供选择。【柯林斯高阶英语词典】
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Jealousy is the most terrible thing and will spoil anybody's nature.
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嫉妒是最可怕的东西,它会毁坏人的天性.【期刊摘选】
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Frosts spoil the last of the flowers.
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霜冻冻坏了最后一批花朵.【《简明英汉词典》】
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spoiled his plans to build more hotels in Las Vegas【出自-2013年6月阅读原文】
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Sorry to spoil your day off.【2016年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section B】
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She didn't want to spoil her daughter.【2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项】
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